Cost Effectiveness of Rainwater Harvesting for Groundwater Recharge in Micro-Watersheds of Kolar District of India: The Case Study of Thotli Micro-Watershed

This study has estimated the supply augmentation of groundwater recharge due to creation of water harvesting structures and has assessed the cost-effectiveness of rainwater harvesting for groundwater recharge on watershed basis in one of the sub-watersheds of the Kolar district, Peninsular India — a typically hard-rock area. The study is based on the primary data for the year 2008-09 collected from a sample of 90 farmers having irrigation bore-wells in the selected watershed named Thotli. The study has indicated that the annual draft of irrigation water exceeds the annual recharge, causing a negative balance. On an average, the returns per rupee investment have been found to be ` 1.80 on farm pond, ` 1.78 on recharge pit and ` 1.39 on field bund. The cost incurred to impound a metre cube of water has been found as ` 3.01 in the case of field bund, where estimated recharge benefit is 5.6 m3, ` 1.67 /m3 in the case of recharge pit (with an estimated recharge benefit of 720 m3), and ` 1.33 /m3 in the case of farm pond (recharge benefit of 1350 m3). The discounted cost-benefit analysis of the investment on water harvesting structures has indicated that the investment on water harvesting structures is cost-effective and financially-viable.Rainwater harvesting, Economic feasibility, Groundwater recharge, Watershed, Agricultural and Food Policy, Q15, Q25,

Role of mifepristone in induction of labour in pregnant women with previous lower section caesarean section with IUFD in late preterm and term pregnancies

Background: The objective of the study was to evaluate efficacy and safety of oral mifepristone for preinduction cervical ripening and induction of labour in late preterm and term pregnancies with previous caesarean section with intrauterine fetal demiseMethods: This prospective short term study was conducted at Umaid hospital SNMC Jodhpur Rajasthan January 2016 to November 2016. 100 subjects with previous uses beyond 34 week with intrauterine fetal demise and bishop’s score<6 were included. Tablet mifepristone 200mg was given orally after taking written in informed consent. The same dose was repeated after 24 hour according to bishop’s score. Analysis was done with respect to maternal outcome of vaginal delivery, CS, duration of labour.Results: Among 100 subjects, 97 delivered vaginally (97%) delivered within 72 hour of 1% dose. Improvement of bishop’s score was observed in 1 subject (1%), which later required augmentation by oxytocin followed by vaginal delivery.1 subject (2%) failed to respond and required caesarean section, 72 hour after given of 1st dose.Conclusions: Mifepristone can be used safely and effectively for induction of labour in previous one and two LSCS near term and term pregnancies to avoid CS rates

Pregnancy in non-communicating rudimentary horn

A 25-year old G3P2L2 presented to casuality of OBG Dept, Ummaid Hospital, Jodhpur with5 months amenorrhea and bleeding per vaginum for last 5 days associated with abdominal pain. On per abdomen examination, a mass arising from pelvis corresponding to the size of a 16 weeks pregnancy was seen. A repeat ultrasound was performed in our hospital and the findings were - normally visualised uterus with a gestational sac with thin myometrium rim seen on right side with single dead fetus of gestational age 14 weeks 3 days, pregnancy in rudimentary horn, bicornuate uterus with pregnancy in right horn. Patient was counselled and prepared for laparotomy which was performed under general anesthesia. Intra -operative findings were normal sized uterus, right sided rudimentary horn pregnancy was seen. Both tubes and ovaries were normal. Hence, right sided rudimentary horn excision along with ipsilateral salpingo – oophorectomy was planned and done by clamping and cutting. Hemostasis was achieved. There was no communication between the rudimentary horn and the main uterus. The estimated blood loss was 200ml

Simulating management effects on crop production, tile drainage, and water quality using RZWQM–DSSAT

The objective of this study was to explore if more crop-specific plant growth modules can improve simulations of crop yields, and N in tile flow under different management practices compared with a generic plant growth module. We calibrated and evaluated the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) with the Decision Support for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT v3.5) plant growth modules (RZWQM–DSSAT) for simulating tillage (NT — no till, RT — ridge till, CP — chisel plow, and MP — moldboard plow), crop rotation {CC — continuous corn, and CS — corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]}, and nitrogen (N) (SA — single application at preplant, and LSNT — late spring soil N test based application) and manure (SM — fall injected swine manure) management effects on crop production and water quality. Data from 1978 to 2003 from a water quality experiment near Nashua (Nashua experiments), Iowa, USA, were used. The model was calibrated using data from one treatment plot and validated for the rest of the plots. Simulated management effects on annual N loading in tile flow were agreeable with measured effects in 85%, 99%, 88%, and 78% of the cases for tillage, crop rotation (CS vs. CC), N application timing (SA vs. LSNT), and swine manure applications (SM vs. SA), respectively. On average, the LSNT plots were simulated to have 359 kg ha− 1 higher corn yield compared to SA, when the observed increase was 812 kg ha− 1. Grain yield simulations were not sensitive to differences between RT and NT, between SM and SA treatments, and between CS and CC. We conclude that considering the uncertainties of basic input data, processes in the field, and lack of site specific weather data, the results obtained with this RZWQM–DSSAT hybrid model were not much better than the results obtained earlier with the generic crop growth module

Enzymatic synthesis of isopropyl myristate using immobilized lipase from Bacillus cereus MTCC 8372

A purified alkaline thermo-tolerant bacterial lipase from Bacillus cereus MTCC 8372 was immobilized on a Poly (MAc- co -DMA- cl -MBAm) hydrogel. The hydrogel showed approximately 94% binding capacity for lipase. The immobilized lipase (2.36 IU) was used to achieve esterification of myristic acid and isopropanol in n -heptane at 65 &deg;C under continuous shaking. The myristic acid and isopropanol when used at a concentration of 100 mM each in n -heptane resulted in formation of isopropyl myristate (66.0 &plusmn; 0.3 mM) in 15 h. The reaction temperature below or higher than 65&deg;C markedly reduced the formation of isopropyl myristate. Addition of a molecular sieve (3 &Aring; &times; 1.5 mm) to the reaction mixture drastically reduced the ester formation. The hydrogel bound lipase when repetitively used to perform esterification under optimized conditions resulted in 38.0 &plusmn; 0.2 mM isopropyl myristate after the 3 rd cycle of esterification.<br /

Supply Chain Infrastructure Restoration Calculator Software Tool -- Developer Guide and User Manual

This report describes a software tool that calculates costs associated with the reconstruction of supply chain interdependent critical infrastructure in the advent of a catastrophic failure by either outside forces (extreme events) or internal forces (fatigue). This tool fills a gap between search and recover strategies of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (or FEMA) and construction techniques under full recovery. In addition to overall construction costs, the tool calculates reconstruction needs in terms of personnel and their required support. From these estimates, total costs (or the cost of each element to be restored) can be calculated. Estimates are based upon historic reconstruction data, although decision managers do have the choice of entering their own input data to tailor the results to a local area

Confined Charged Particles in C-periodic Volumes

Charged particles in an Abelian Coulomb phase are non-local infraparticles that are surrounded by a cloud of soft photons which extends to infinity. Gauss' law prevents the existence of charged particles in a periodic volume. In a $C$-periodic volume, which is periodic up to charge conjugation, on the other hand, charged particles can exist. This includes vortices in the $3$-d XY-model, magnetic monopoles in $4$-d $\mathrm{U}(1)$ gauge theory, as well as protons and other charged particles in QCD coupled to QED. In four dimensions non-Abelian charges are confined. Hence, in an infinite volume non-Abelian infraparticles cost an infinite amount of energy. However, in a $C$-periodic volume non-Abelian infraparticles (whose energy increases linearly with the box size) can indeed exist. Investigating these states holds the promise of deepening our understanding of confinement.Comment: Proceedings for the 39th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, LATTICE202